United States vs. Arizona Comparative Trends Analysis: Total Personal Income Growth and Change, 1969-2022 Introduction  U.S.: 2022 TPI = $430,083,534K 2022 Percent of State = 1.97% Arizona: 2022 TPI = $21,820,248,000K The annual total personal incomes (TPI) estimates compiled by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, (BEA) are among the most comprehensive, consistent, comparable and timely measures of economic activity available statewide and at the national levels. Personal income estimates are also the best available local level indicator of general purchasing power, and are therefore central to tracking and comparing county patterns of economic growth and change. The following graphs highlight trends in the pattern of growth and change in the total personal income of Arizona. The data used are those compiled by the Regional Income and Product Divisions of the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. The 2017 constant dollar (real) estimates of total personal income reported in the tables and portrayed graphically below are determined using the Implicit Price Deflator for Personal Consumption. Data Definition: Personal income is the income received by persons from participation in production, plus transfer receipts from government and business, plus government interest (which is treated like a transfer receipt). It is defined as the sum of wages and salaries, supplements to wages and salaries, proprietors' income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments, rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment, personal dividend income, personal interest income, and personal current transfer receipts, less contributions for government social insurance. Because the personal income of an area represents the income that is received by, or on behalf of, all the persons who live in that area, and because the estimates of some components of personal income (wages and salaries, supplements to wages and salaries, and contributions for government social insurance) are made on a place-of-work basis, state personal income includes an adjustment for residence. The residence adjustment represents the net flow of compensation (less contributions for government social insurance) of interstate commuters. United States Total Personal Income, 1970-2022 Current vs. Constant Dollars (Billions)  Figure 1. Figure 1 depicts the United States' annual total personal income over 1970-2022 in current and constant (2017) dollars. Constant dollar measurements remove the effects of inflation. They allow for comparison of changes in the real purchasing power of the United States over time. When measured in current dollars, the United States' total personal income increased 2,450.51%, from $856B in 1970 to $21,820B in 2022. When measured in constant 2017 dollars to adjust for inflation, it advanced 334.44%, from $4,328B in 1970 to $18,804B in 2022. Real Total Personal Income Indices (1969=100): 1969-2022  Figure 2. Figure 2 shows Arizona's real total personal income growth in a broader context by offering direct comparisons across time with the United States. The growth indices shown here express each region's real total personal income in 1969 as a base figure of 100, and the real total personal incomes in later years as a percentage of the 1969 base figure. This method allows for more direct comparison of differences in real total personal income growth between regions that may differ vastly in size. Arizona's overall real total personal income growth was 1,006.12% over 1969-2022 outpaced the United States' increase of 348.76%. Total Personal Income as a Percent of the United States Total: 1969-2022  Figure 3. Another interesting and insightful way of highlighting the total personal income growth of Arizona is to trace its individual percentage contributions to the United States' total total personal income over time, as shown in Figure 3. A rising share means a region's total personal income grew faster, or declined less, than the United States' total personal income, while a declining share shows it grew more slowly. In 1969, Arizona's total personal income totaled 0.80% of the United States' total personal income, while in 2022 it totaled 1.97% thereby yielding a +1.17% share-shift.
Arizona Real Total Personal Income: Annual Percent Change, 1970-2022  Figure 4. Figure 4 highlights the short-run pattern of Arizona's real total personal income growth by tracking the year-to-year percent change over 1970-2022. The average annual percent change for the entire 53-year period is also illustrated on this chart to provide a benchmark for gauging periods of relative high--and relative low--growth against the backdrop of the long-term average. On average, Arizona's real total personal income grew at an annual rate of 4.69% over 1970-2022. The state posted its highest growth in 1972 (10.86%) and recorded its lowest growth in 2009 (-4.75%). In 2022, Arizona's real total personal income declined by -1.44% Arizona Real Total Personal Income: Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1970-2022  Figure 5. Over the past five decades some states have experienced extreme swings in growth, and often such swings have tended to coincide with the decades themselves. Figure 5 again traces the annual percent change in Arizona's real total personal income since 1970, but this time they are displayed with average growth rates for the decade of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020-2022. During the 1970s, Arizona's annual real total personal income growth rate averaged 6.98%. It averaged 4.98% throughout the 1980s, 5.06% in the 1990s, 3.31% in the 2000s, 3.17% during the 2010s, 4.50% thus far this decade (2020-2022). Real Total Personal Income Growth: Average Annual Percent Change by Decade  Figure 6. Figure 6 compares the decade average growth rates for Arizona noted in the previous graph with the corresponding decade averages for the nation. Relative to nationwide real total personal income growth trends, Arizona recorded above the nation in the 1970s (6.98% vs. 3.50%), outgained the nation throughout the 1980s (4.98% vs. 3.16%), topped the nation during the 1990s (5.06% vs. 3.27%), registered above the nation in the 2000s (3.31% vs. 2.06%), outgained the nation during the 2010s (3.17% vs. 2.72%), and surpassed the nation over 2020-2022 (4.50% vs. 2.10%).
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